TRANSCRIPTION AS THE WAY OF NAMING RUSSIAN REALITIES IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TEXTS OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES

TRANSCRIPTION AS THE WAY OF NAMING RUSSIAN REALITIES IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TEXTS OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES

Author:  Yu.I. Konshina

Abstract: 
The use of the Russian-speaking ksenonyms in the 19th century differs from that of today's. Today there are dictionaries in which many words of a foreign-language origin, including culturonyms, are recorded. In the 19th century the foreigners living in Russia, had no opportunity to address to dictionaries, therefore words of the Russian origin in their texts are sometimes far from the etymons. In different texts of the 19th century it is possible to find different variants of the same ksenonym’s phonetic or written structure. The reasons of such variability can be different.

Keywords:  ksenonyms, transcription, transliteration, transplantation, calque